Jeffrey A. Denman

Spanish privateers on the Delaware River As Pennsylvania was on the threshold of the 1740s, a dilemma emerged between the core Quaker principle of pacifism and the necessary defense of the colony. European conflicts between England and Spain and between France and England would find their way to Pennsylvania's front door. Quaker politicians, who controlled the colonial government, were divided. Some decided to forego their peace testimony in times of crisis, and early Quaker